. 用法:1.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。 時(shí)間狀語: always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,never. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.表示主語具備的性格、能力、特征和狀態(tài)。
I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 3.表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。
8.表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的具體動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 9表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/p>
☆注意★:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。
再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 5).表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的事。
He starts next week. 他下個(gè)星期出發(fā)。 We leave very soon. 我們很快就離開。
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning. 火車將在早上10點(diǎn)開出。 這類用法限于表示“移動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞:go去,come來,leave離開,start出發(fā),begin開始, arrive到達(dá),take off起飛,等。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Be動(dòng)詞情況 am,is,are也可以做一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞 例如:I am a student. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來: 1)下列動(dòng)詞:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情(即按照固定時(shí)間表將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2)倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)在動(dòng)詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 基本形式(以do為例): 主動(dòng)態(tài):do 被動(dòng)態(tài):doing;be done 過去時(shí):did 第三人稱單數(shù)形式:does (主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)) 肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 否定句:主語+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 一般疑問句:Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,+ 主語 +do 否定回答:No,+ 主語+don't 注意:do和does后要加動(dòng)詞原形(任何時(shí)態(tài)都一樣) 2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(The PresentContinuous Tense). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 第一人稱+am+doing+sth 第二人稱+are+doing +sth 第三人稱+is+doing+sth 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來。
現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則 1.直接+ ing 2.去e+ing 3.重讀閉音節(jié),且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母+ing 4.特殊變化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying 5.不規(guī)則變化 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法: A. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 例:We are waiting for you. B. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。
例:Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) 例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動(dòng) I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經(jīng)安排了) we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了) D.有些動(dòng)詞(狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)) 1.表示知道或了解的動(dòng)詞:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand 2.表示“看起來”“看上去"。
2.小學(xué)英語最基礎(chǔ)語法總結(jié)
1.人稱代詞主格: I we you she he it they賓格: me us you her him it them形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs北京小升初網(wǎng)2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母,再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y變i,再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不規(guī)則變化:well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式Most nouns + s a book –booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—storiesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves小升初網(wǎng)4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.bbs.xschu.com5. 縮略形式I'm = I am you're = you are she's = she is he's = he isit's = it is who's =who is can't =can not isn't=is not etc北京小升初6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hourxschu.com7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示時(shí)間: at six o'clock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter北京小升初網(wǎng)8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞one – first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?小升初網(wǎng)10. be 動(dòng)詞(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren't.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.bbs.xschu.com11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句: There is a …There are …一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn't.Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren't.否定句: There isn't …. There aren't….北京小升初12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDon't sit down, please.xschu.com13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.北京小升初網(wǎng)動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walk—walkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing come—comingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming14 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式:肯定句:I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑問句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.否定句: We don't go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn't like watching TV in the evening.小升初網(wǎng)15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。
eg:1. I / He / She / They can sing.2.You should keep quiet in the library.bbs.xschu.com16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)(a) be 動(dòng)詞的過去式:I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。(b) 動(dòng)詞過去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑問句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn't.否定句: They didn't go the the part yesterday.He didn't make model ships last week.(3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studiedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等北京小升初17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What's the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who's the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What's the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who's the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?xschu.com。
3.小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)
in 1.用于世紀(jì),年度,月份,季節(jié)之前
如:in 2010,in september,in summer,in 21th century
2.用于表示方位地點(diǎn)(在。里)
如:There is a table in the room
3.與一些動(dòng)詞連用,do well in(擅長于。。);be interestsd in(對(duì)。。感興趣) 等等還有很多相關(guān)短語
on 1.用于具體某一天(具體日期幾月幾日、星期幾)之前
如:on november 1st(11月1日) ;on thursday(星期四) ;on weekends(在周末--周六周日)
2.用于表示方位地點(diǎn)(在。上邊--通常指有接觸面的上方)
例如杯子在桌子上(杯子和桌子有接觸面),可以說 The cup is on the table.
at 1.用于具體時(shí)刻之前(幾點(diǎn)幾分)
如,he get up at 6 o'clock every morning.
2.用于表示方位地點(diǎn),如at home ,at school
3.與一些動(dòng)詞連用,如 be good at(擅長于) ,arrive at(到達(dá)某地),stay at home(待在家);look at(看) 等等還有很多相關(guān)短語
PEP小學(xué)英語畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí) 一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯1. a, an的選擇: 元音音素開頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are, I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。
單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have, I \you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物或某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢) 二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解 當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí)。
比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性。應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、從下面中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It's 2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.(貴的) 三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I'm than my brother.(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰比你重? than you?四、根據(jù)答句寫出問句(1) I'm 160 cm.(2) I'm 12 years old.(4) Amy's hair is 30 cm long.三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 ① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類) ④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt 四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人稱和數(shù) 人稱代詞 物主代詞 主格 賓格 第一 人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的) 復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的) 第二 人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的) 復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的) 第三 人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的) 六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn't,aren't”,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don't , doesn't , didn't )。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't. 我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的be動(dòng)詞大致分兩類:is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)中,was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過去時(shí)。 判斷步驟: ↗第一、三人稱單數(shù),就用was ↗有,再看人稱 ↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù),就用were 看有無表示過去的時(shí)間狀語 ↗第一人稱單數(shù),就用am ↘沒有,再看人稱→第三人稱單數(shù),就有is ↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù),就用are (3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞,平時(shí)我們不把它說成是動(dòng)詞。
如: He goes to school at seven o'clock in the morning. 他早晨七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。 Can you finish the work in two days. 你能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個(gè)工作嗎? Linda was born on the second of May. 琳達(dá)五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分,天明,中午,日出,日落,開始等。如: at five o'clock (五點(diǎn)),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那時(shí)),at that moment (那會(huì)兒),at this time of day (在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候)。
2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季節(jié),世紀(jì)等。如: in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世紀(jì)),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/個(gè)月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3>. on后常接某日,星期幾,某日或某周日的朝夕,節(jié)日等。如: on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一個(gè)溫暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一個(gè)夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一個(gè)晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣誕節(jié)下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year's Day (新年),on New Year's Eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。
2、巧記形容詞的排列順序 當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞,形容詞該如何排 列?為什么不能說a black new pen,而是說成a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循? 如果你記住opshacom這個(gè)為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞, 就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。 opshacom中p代表opinion,指表示人們觀點(diǎn)的形容 詞,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等; sh代表shape,指表示形狀的形容詞,如long,short,round, narrow等; a代表age,指表示年齡、時(shí)代的形容詞,如old,new,young等; c代表colour,指表示顏色的形容詞,如red,black, orange等; o代表origin,指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞,如british,canadian,german等; m代表material,指表示材料的形容詞,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。
英語中這六類形容詞連用時(shí)就按上述先后順序排列, 如a nice long new black british plastic pen 當(dāng)然,實(shí)際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連 用的情況。 請(qǐng)根據(jù)形容詞排列規(guī)則完成以下練習(xí): 1>.she has a ___ jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful) 2>.he has a ___ car. (american,long,red) 3>.they live in a ___ house. (old,beautiful) 4>.we have a ___ table. (antique,small,wooden) 5>.he has a ___ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red) 6>.she has a ___ ring. (diamond,new,fabulous) 7>.it was a ___ song.(french,old, lovely) 8>.he owns a ___ dog.(black,horrible,big) 9>.she bought a ___ scarf.(gorgeous,silk,pink) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于: 1 、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
e.g. It seldom snows here. 2 、表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3 、普遍真理。
e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4 、劇情圖片介紹,背景說明,動(dòng)作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room_and_sits at the table) Doctor : What`s your trouble, young man? Tom : I`ve caught a cold, doctor. 5 、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。 二、一般過去時(shí)主要用于: 1 、表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況(包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)) e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、談到過去的情況時(shí) e.g. I didn`t know you were so busy. 3 、談到已死人的情況時(shí) e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有: yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,表示主句動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于: 1 、表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,即多次動(dòng)作的總和。 e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we haven`t seen each other. 2 、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
e.g. The delegation has left 代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)走了(說明現(xiàn)在不在這里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 與這一時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語,連詞 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。