大學英語作文開頭結(jié)尾的萬能句子(大學英語作文萬能結(jié)尾)

1.大學英語作文萬能結(jié)尾

2010年12月四級作文萬能結(jié)尾句：

1. 至于我，在某種水平上我贊成后面的觀點，我認為……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.

2. 總而言之，全部社會應當親密關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，咱們才干在未來……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.

3. 然而，……跟……都有它們各自的上風（利益）。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比擬，我更偏向于（愛好）……

But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.

4. 就我個人而言，我信任……，因此，我深信美妙的將來正等著我們。由于……

Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.

5. 跟著社會的發(fā)展，……。因而，急切須要……。如果每個人都愿為社會奉獻自已的一份力氣，這個社會將要變得越來越好。

With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認為……更公道。只有這樣，我們能力……

For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.

7. 對我來說，我以為有必要……。起因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣主要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.

8. 在總體上很難說……是好仍是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的局勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)明……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depennds very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.

9. 綜上所述，我們能夠明白地得出論斷……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.

10. 假如我們不采用有效的辦法，就可能把持不了這種趨勢，就會呈現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良成果，所以，我們應該做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.

2.高考英語作文萬能開頭結(jié)尾,典型句子

開頭： 1.How is it going？ 最近怎么樣？ 2.I am glad to receive your letter.很高興收到你的來信。

3.You asked me about(+problem question 等)，now let me give you some advice.你在來信中詢問我。.，現(xiàn)在，讓我給你一些建議。

4.It has been a long time since we met.我們很久沒見面了 結(jié)尾： 1.I am looking forward to receiving your letter.我期待著你的來信。 2.Thank you in advance.提前謝謝你。

3.Please wirte to me as soon as possible.請盡快回信 4.Good luck |Best wishes.祝你好運。

3.英語作文萬能開頭和結(jié)尾

一、開頭萬能公式

1.開頭萬能公式一：

名人名言：有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理，而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？

經(jīng)典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2.開頭萬能公式二：

數(shù)字統(tǒng)計原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當中不應該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起來這個數(shù)字文縐縐的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：

Honesty

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由當中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

二、結(jié)尾萬能公式

1.結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此為過渡短語）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！

更多過渡短語：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…

2.結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議

如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

4.高考英語作文開頭萬能句子

1. 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？

經(jīng)典句型：

a proberb says, “ you are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）

it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言）

更多經(jīng)典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that…

2. 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計

原理：要想更有說服力，就應該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。

原則上在議論文當中十不應該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

according to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：

honesty

根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯荊

5.求英語作文萬能開頭和結(jié)尾

一）段首句1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點。

一些人認為…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。

首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是…… Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重 的問題。______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。

很顯然……，但是 為什么呢？According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously, ______, but why？（二）中間段落句1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認為……。On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.2. 但是，我認為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。

最糟糕的是……。But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。

首先，……。而且……，最重要 的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,______. What's more, _____.Most important of all,______.4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。

首先，我們可以……。There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______5. 面臨……，我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。

一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______6. 早就應該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。

所有這些方法肯定會……。It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.7. 為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是……。

總的來說，……的主要原 因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10. 完全同意……這種觀點（陳述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）結(jié)尾句1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……2. 總而言之，整個社會應該密切關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）。例如，……，而……。

然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages. For example， …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……4. 就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is 。

6.英語作文萬能開頭結(jié)尾（例句）

開頭 with the development of the modern society, more and more。, some people hold that。, however, some others hold that。., in my view of point,。

.結(jié)尾 in sum, there is no denying the fact that。。only in this way can we 。

此格式最適用于寫議論文了，呵呵 希望對你能有所幫助。

7.求英語作文萬能開頭結(jié)尾

萬能開頭 一篇文章通?？煞譃槿齻€部分，即開頭、正文和結(jié)尾。

這三個部分安排是否得體，直接影響到文章的質(zhì)量。 文章的開頭一般來說應盡量做到開門見山，用簡單明白的敘述引出文章的話題，使讀者了解文章要談論什么，一下于引起讀者的興趣。

作文常見的開頭形式大致有以下幾種： 1.開門見山，揭示主題 文章一開頭，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”（我怎樣度假）的開頭是： I Spent my last vacation happily. 下面是題為"Honesty"（談誠實）一文中的開頭：Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar",and is looked upon by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、時間或環(huán)境開頭 在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環(huán)境交待清楚。

例如"A Trip to Jinshan" （去金山旅游）的開頭： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3. 回憶性的開頭 用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"（泰山游）的開頭是： I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的開頭 即對要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個概括性的介紹。

如“The Happiness of Reading Books”（讀書的快樂）的開頭： People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介紹環(huán)境式的開頭 即開頭利用自然景物或自然環(huán)境引出要介紹的事物。如“An Accident”（一場事故）的開頭是： It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待寫作目的的開頭。

在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表揚誰，批評誰，或說明一個什么問題等。如 "Pollution Control" （控制污染）的開頭： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 萬能結(jié)尾 1.活動類. Never before has xxx活動 been concerned much as it is today ! As far as I am concerned , it is high time we did something useful to improve ………… 2.好壞對比 Although every coin has its two sides, I think there are more advantages than disadvantages to cancel the long May Day holiday and shorten it into only one day. 3.父母幫助子女/老師幫助學生 As the old saying goes, “To give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; to teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime”. As far as I'm concerned, parents should help their children to adapt themselves to society rather than shelter them from what's going on outside. 4. 關(guān)注家鄉(xiāng)，關(guān)注國家的發(fā)展 Personally, I am sure we can see that China/ my hometown is getting richer and stronger and the people in our /my hometown /country will surely enjoy a happy life if all the measures above are to be taken effectively. 5. 感恩活動的意義/ I think this is a meaningful activity, which teaches us to learn to have gratitude for the people around us. Being grateful to others is a good feeling. With it we can know how to respect our parents, the elders and teachers. With it we can learn to care for others and forgive others. Only when we are always keeping a grateful heart to others can we harvest well-being and happiness. 6.社會公益活動的意義 From my point of view, xx活動 is obviously more than just learning; furthermore, it is helpful to broaden our horizon and improve our understanding of the world. That's why I'd like to take this opportunity and make the most of my special talents and interests. By doing so, I feel I can make a small contribution to society. 7.學生健康 1. To improve students' health, we call for less homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and meanwhile prevent themselves from being nearsighted. Poorer diets and exercise should also be paid attention to so that they won't easily put on weight. With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health. 學生健康 2. As far as I am concerned, we students should balance our physical exercise and studies. Just like a saying goes: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything. However, too much attention has been paid only to studies. Therefore, I suggest we be given less homework and more time for out-of-classroom activities to solve all the problems. Only in this way can we lead a healthy life 8.環(huán)保類 As far as I am concerned , it is high time we did 。

8.怎么寫大學英語作文的萬能結(jié)尾

1. 問題現(xiàn)狀 2. 怎樣解決（解決方案的優(yōu)缺點） In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（說明A的現(xiàn)狀）.Second， ---------------（舉例進一步說明現(xiàn)狀） Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解決方法一）. For another -------------（解決方法二）. Finally， --------------（解決方法三）. Personally, I believe that -------------（我的解決方法）. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------（帶來的好處）.02：大學英語四級作文模板：對比選擇型作文模板 When it comes to ____ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that____. For one thing,____ .For another,___ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ____,They point out that____ .Another instance often cited is that____ . It's no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there's some truth to both arguments .It's advisable to ______.03：大學英語四級作文模板：說明利弊題型 這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A測）1. 說明事物現(xiàn)狀2. 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點（或一方面）3. 你對現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的優(yōu)點之一). Besides -------------------(A的優(yōu)點之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個缺點).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------（我的看法）.（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way， ---------------（對前景的預測）.）04：大學英語四級作文模板：現(xiàn)象解釋型作文模板：Recently, ____What amazes us most is_____.It is true that _____. There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____ ,What is more, _____,Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____. Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.05：大學英語四級作文模板：議論文的框架 （1） 不同觀點列舉型（ 選擇型 ） There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的議論文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___優(yōu)點一______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides"， __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺點一______. In addition， ____缺點二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___. （ 3 ） 答題性議論文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途徑一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______， we should 。

9.求萬能英語作文開頭和結(jié)尾

一）段首句1. 關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點.一些人認為…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用.There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害.首先，……；其次，…….更為糟糕的是…… Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______.4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）…….Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______.5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外.它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面.Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6. 關(guān)于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重.Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.8. ……已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論.______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重 的問題.______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出…….很顯然……，但是 為什么呢？According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously, ______, but why？（二）中間段落句1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認為…….On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____.2. 但是，我認為這不是解決……的好方法，比如…….最糟糕的是…….But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的.首先，…….而且……，最重要 的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,______. What's more, _____.Most important of all,______.4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法.首先，我們可以…….There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______5. 面臨……，我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來…….一方面……，另一方面，Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______6. 早就應該拿出行動了.比如說……，另外…….所有這些方法肯定會…….It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.7. 為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是…….總的來說，……的主要原 因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象…….However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利.Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.10. 完全同意……這種觀點（陳述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.（三）結(jié)尾句1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……2. 總而言之，整個社會應該密切關(guān)注……這個問題.只有這樣，我們才能在將來…….In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）.例如，……，而…….然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages. For example， …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……4. 就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們.因為…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……5. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，…….因此。