俗話說“一天之計在于晨,一年之計在于春”。
雅思寫作的開頭段也有相同的道理,寫好開頭段對寫作整體的得分有舉足輕重的作用。根據(jù)自己多年的經(jīng)驗,給出了寫好雅思作文開頭的幾個簡單方法:很多國內(nèi)的考生受到寫中文作文或者傳統(tǒng)英語教學(xué)的影響,寫一篇文章的開頭段時總是想要盡力抓住考官的眼球,不停地擺弄自己還不成熟的詞匯和句型,結(jié)果非但沒有得到想要的分數(shù),反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我們要如何在最短的時間內(nèi),以最簡單以及最能得分的方式寫出好的作文開頭段呢?其實我們可以把雅思寫作題目中的提問方式分成四個大類:觀點類(opinion essay)、討論類(discussion essay)、優(yōu)劣勢類(advantage and disadvantage essay)和報告類(report)。每一種提問方式的題目都有自己不同的開頭段寫作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay觀察觀點類題目的特征,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),此類題型的特征是題目有且只有一個觀點。而題目要求我們回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的觀點。
所以只要確定好自己的觀點,開頭段就可以寫出來。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我們選擇同意此觀點,可以根據(jù)“背景句+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目+個人觀點”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(個人觀點)如果選擇不同意題目觀點,則可以用“although”的讓步狀語從句進行改寫,得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(個人觀點)Part 2 Discussion Essay觀察討論類的題目,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣的題目會有兩個觀點,并且題目要求“討論雙方觀點”和“給出自己的觀點”。這樣的題目中,其實只用在開頭段中寫出背景句和轉(zhuǎn)述雙方觀點就好了,至于個人的觀點,可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.這個題目的開頭段就可以寫為:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方觀點)However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方觀點)Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay優(yōu)劣勢的題目,一般而言都會給出一個現(xiàn)象或者是趨勢,這又剛好和我們開頭段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在優(yōu)劣勢文章的開頭段的時候就沒有必要再寫背景句了,直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目就可以了。但是要表達出自己的“優(yōu)大于劣”或者“劣大于優(yōu)”的觀點,只需要用一句話就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?開頭段可以寫為:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其實report最簡單,因為通常題目和優(yōu)劣勢文章一樣,會給出一個現(xiàn)象或趨勢,所以開頭段的組成部分就只有改寫題目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?開頭段可以寫為:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲線圖常用模板的全部內(nèi)容,對曲線圖的寫作步驟和常用的句型等都進行了描述。
大家可以適當?shù)挠洃浐蛻?yīng)用一下。
當我們坐在考場時遇到這樣的題目:It is said that people's life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it? 或者遇到這樣的字樣what is the reason, what is the affect, what should our government do? 那么恭喜你,你遇到的是典型的一篇report。
那么report文章的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是怎樣的呢?很簡單。只要分四段就OK啦。
第一段:不用說啦,引出來題就好了,只是report文章不需要有什么觀點存在,只要說明現(xiàn)象就可以。
第二段,就要寫引起這件事的reason。
第三段:自然就是affect了。就順著題目的問法一段段寫就OK了。
第四段:也就是how to solve it。
上面四段就是雅思大作文Report類型模板的全部內(nèi)容,非常簡單吧。其實雅思大作文report類型一般出現(xiàn)的機率不會太大。所以考試前一要看預(yù)測,二就要關(guān)注一下前幾次考試有沒有出現(xiàn)Report,如果沒有出現(xiàn),準備一下嘍。這樣的文章其實還是很好寫的,大家好好把握語言就可以了。
雅思大作文寫作可分為兩種類型:Report和Argumentation,而Report屬于比較特殊的“偷襲題”,一般每年出現(xiàn)5-6次左右。Report題型的特征是——
類似這樣的題目:It is said that people's life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it?
或者這樣的措辭:what is the reason, what is the effect, what should our government do。
report文章的結(jié)構(gòu)一般可以分四段。
第一段:直接開題。report文章不需要有什么觀點存在,只要說明現(xiàn)象即可。
第二段,說明引起此種現(xiàn)象的原因。
第三段:說明此種現(xiàn)象造成的影響。可順著題目詢問的內(nèi)容展開。
第四段:說明解決之道。
報告文
A specific problem AAA, suggest possible solutions (A,B,。)or recommendations (A,B,。). Give reasons for your answer.
1、Nowadays AAA has become a serious problem in many countries. The reasons for this behavior are not clear , but some sociologists claim that (1) 社會學(xué)家認為導(dǎo)致問題的原因。As a matter of fact, (2) 進一步闡述此問題的原因。Consequently, (3) 該原因產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。In my point of view, a possible cause of the problem is that (4) 我認為導(dǎo)致問題的原因之一。Also, (5) 我人們導(dǎo)致問題的原因之二。The effects of this are well known, (6)AAA 造成的影響之一。Furthermore, (7)AAA 造成的影響結(jié)果之二。The cost to society is great.(8) 社會上付出的代價。To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is (9) 總結(jié)并提出建議。
2、People how are well aware of the problems AAA creates: (1)AAA 帶來的問題。 The solution, I think, is for government to (2) 政府所要解決的問題。 One way is that (3) 措施之一。There is also another way (4) 措施之二。 Moreover, (5) 措施之三。Indeed, we should make great efforts to solve this problem(6) 總結(jié)自己的觀點。 3、In most countries AAA is causing a considerable number of problems. In some countries it is difficult to (1) 闡述 AAA 帶來的第一個問題。In addition, (2)AAA 帶來的第二個問題。Also,(3)AAA 帶來的第三個問題。In my opinion, there are two main solutions to the discussed question. Firstly, (4) 第一個解決方案。Secondly, (5) 第二個解決方案。This is beginning to habe an effect in some countries. I believe that other countries will also tade this way to solve the problem in the near future. To sum up, if the problem continues, the effects will be great. So we should (6) 總結(jié)觀點。
雅思大作文開頭要素一: Restatement of the Topic 大作文的題目都會給出相關(guān)情景或話題,在首段中應(yīng)先對題目中的情景或話題進行展開。
方法一 : 改寫。即按照題目所給的內(nèi)容,用不同的表達方法重新寫一遍,千萬不能抄襲。
注意 :改一兩個詞不算改寫,一定要將整個表達方式改掉。 方法二:自己展開。
即根據(jù)題目所談到的話題內(nèi)容適當展開,簡單談?wù)勀壳吧鐣械那闆r怎樣。 注意: 不要談的太多,更加不能偏題,與題目話題毫不相干。
雅思大作文開頭要素二: Express Your Opinion 大作文的題目中一般會問你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必須與之相對應(yīng)的在首段中表明你的觀點。 方法一:中立觀點(即辯證表達)。
即可以說某種做法既有好又有壞;對某種觀點又有人同意又有人不同意等等。 說明: 比較好的表達如:I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 不要說:some people agree while others don'nt agree.這可不是中立地表達自己的觀點。
所謂中立,其實是辯證的關(guān)系!老外看問題比較辯證,一般不會一棍子打死。 方法二:一邊倒觀點。
即直截了當?shù)恼f贊成某個觀點或不贊成某個觀點等等。 方法三:不表觀點。
即不在首段明確的表達自己的觀點,但必須有引出下文之類話來作銜接。 說明: 方法一在考試中用的最多;方法二適中;方法三用的比較少(不表觀點,但必須表明要先分析一下,在最后一段表明觀點)。
雅思大作文開頭要素三: No Excessive Background 大作文首段中只要涵蓋以上兩要素即可,不要寫過多不相干的展開內(nèi)容,更不要將理由(即主體段的分論點)寫進去,否則主體段就沒內(nèi)容寫了。
一、Report類考試特點
Report類的作文話題一般先介紹問題的背景,然后問:這會導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果?有什么解決辦法?或者問,這樣的原因是什么?你的解決方法是什么?出題形式為“what are the reasons and provide solutions”我們可以從1) Why;2) Result;3) Solution三個方面來寫文章。
例如,給出一種現(xiàn)象 1) Why? 2) Result? 3) Solution?
常見的出題思路為1,2或1,3
(1, 2) Nowadays, people always throw the old things away when they buy new things; whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again. What factors cause this phenomenon? What effects the phenomenon leads to?
(1, 3) Many species of plants and animals are dying out. What are the causes of this trend? How can we prevent it?
二、寫作方法
對于report類的作文,傳統(tǒng)上認為應(yīng)當采取各分一半的均衡結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點在于,易于操作,不用費心思對文章進行布局;沒有后顧之憂,不用擔心題目的哪一方面沒有講到;布局均衡,防止用力不均,在邏輯方面出現(xiàn)問題。
以上的思路,對于求穩(wěn)妥的考生來說是完全合適的。但是,如果想要自己的分數(shù)高一點,那么這種思路和結(jié)構(gòu)就不是那么夠用了。
為了說明report類作文的思路,我們首先引入一個概念:section。一個section可能是一個自然段,可能包含好幾個自然段。但是,一個section嚴格地遵循只能集中說明一個問題的規(guī)則。比如,關(guān)于原因的section需要,且只能說明清楚這個問題的原因,其中包含對這個問題原因的說明、分析。
Report類型的寫作是雅思寫作中最常見的一種,所以準備一個這個類型的寫作模板還是非常有必要的。
首段: (引子) 第一句: 描述背景(引子) it is indisputable fact that … 替換句型: it is an undeniable fact that … it is an irrefutable fact that 第二句:(可有可無) the serious consequences of are often felt in our life 。 第三句:承上啟下:In this essay , I intend to explore the sources of this problem along with some possible solution to it 。
替換句型: In the following essay , I aim to identify the sources of this problem as well as some viable solution to it 。 第二段: 分析原因 第一句: Chief among the causes of this problem is …。
替換句型: 第二句: In the past , … 第三句: Consequently , … 第四句: Another major contributing factor is that … 第三段:提供解決方案 第一句: In order to address its root causes。 Perhaps the most effective method of doing this would be for people to do sth。
第二句: Since …, 第三句: one further measure would be to … 替換句型: one further method of …would be for people to do 第四段: 總結(jié) 第一句: In conclusion , I believe that this is clearly a problem of such complexity that no solution is likely in the short term 。 替換句型: In reality , this problem is unlikely to be resolved in the short term。
第二句: However , I believe that the measures outlined above would constitute a good first step 。 However , it is by no means insurmountable , and I am convinced that … 替換句型: however , I believe that the hard way is sometimes that the best way 。
以上就是Report類型的雅思寫作高分必備模板的全部內(nèi)容,十分的細節(jié)化,幾乎每一句怎樣寫,都有所提及。但是大家在參考的時候一定要注意,要在其中加入屬于自己的特色的東西,這樣才能在考試中正常應(yīng)用。
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