小說翻譯開題報(bào)告范文(翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告)

小說翻譯開題報(bào)告范文

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小說翻譯開題報(bào)告范文

論文題目：從順應(yīng)論的視角看企業(yè)外宣翻譯中的語篇重構(gòu)。

1、選題意義和背景。

隨著中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織，中國企業(yè)的對(duì)外聯(lián)系也日益增多、中國企業(yè)要想打入國際市場(chǎng)，提高在國際市場(chǎng)上的知名度，企業(yè)網(wǎng)站或宣傳冊(cè)上的企業(yè)簡介扮演著十分重要的地位、通過閱讀企業(yè)宣傳資料，讀者可以看出企業(yè)外宣材料既有關(guān)于企業(yè)的基本信息介紹，也有企業(yè)所做的文字上、句法上、結(jié)構(gòu)上的這染來達(dá)到推廣企業(yè)、大市場(chǎng)的目的、漢語企業(yè)外宣材料的翻譯在英譯過程中會(huì)涉及到與目的語不同的語言習(xí)慣、行文方式以及文化因素、社會(huì)政治因素、心理因素和審美因素等，這就需要譯者對(duì)原文本做出適當(dāng)調(diào)整，從內(nèi)容和形式上對(duì)語篇進(jìn)行重構(gòu)，以此實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)交際意圖的順應(yīng)、根據(jù)賴斯的文本類型說，本文有三種類型，分別是“信息型”、“表達(dá)型”和“誘導(dǎo)型”、筆者認(rèn)為，企業(yè)外宣翻譯屬于“信息型”和“誘導(dǎo)型”文本兼而有之，而且更側(cè)重于“誘導(dǎo)型”、因此，外宣翻譯要更加注重文本的交際功能，要更多的考慮如何使譯文所傳遞的信息更便于目的語讀者理解和接受，并讓讀者產(chǎn)生共鳴，繼而付諸行動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)譯文預(yù)期的功能。

比利時(shí)語用學(xué)家維索爾倫（Verschuem）提出了順應(yīng)論，將語言的使用過程看做語言為順應(yīng)不同的交際目的和交際對(duì)象進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)選擇的過程、因而可以從順應(yīng)論的視角研究語言使用、翻譯作為一種特殊的交際方式，也可以從順應(yīng)論的視角對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究、優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)宣傳材料不僅會(huì)提高企業(yè)的知名度，還會(huì)為企業(yè)帶來不可估量的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，因此任何一個(gè)想打入國際市場(chǎng)的企業(yè)務(wù)必在其外宣材料的翻譯上做足功夫、由于中西方文化背景、歷史淵源、生活環(huán)境的不同，譯者在翻譯企業(yè)外宣材料時(shí)為了獲取目的語讀者的認(rèn)可并激發(fā)他們付諸行動(dòng)，就要順應(yīng)目的語讀者的閱讀習(xí)慣、審美習(xí)慣以及心理因素、文化因素等對(duì)原文做出形式上和內(nèi)容上的調(diào)整，而這一順應(yīng)的過程也是語篇重構(gòu)的過程、本文突破性的將順應(yīng)論與語篇重構(gòu)結(jié)合起來，并結(jié)合西麥克展覽公司宣傳材料和海天調(diào)味食品股份有限公司宣傳材料及其翻譯，試圖從順應(yīng)論的視角分析企業(yè)外宣翻譯中的語篇重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象。

　　2、論文綜述/研究基礎(chǔ)。

1987年維索爾倫（Verschueren）提出順應(yīng)論之后，在語用學(xué)界引起了很大反響，不久國內(nèi)學(xué)者就將其引進(jìn)到中國來、國內(nèi)學(xué)者不僅從理論層面對(duì)順應(yīng)論進(jìn)行研究和探索，而且將順應(yīng)論應(yīng)用到翻譯理論和實(shí)踐、外語教學(xué)、二語習(xí)得、文化傳播等領(lǐng)域、在這些領(lǐng)域中，成果最大的當(dāng)屬順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯理論和其應(yīng)用的研究、我國真正將順應(yīng)論引入翻譯研究開始于21世紀(jì)初。

1 國外順應(yīng)論研究狀況。

比利時(shí)語用學(xué)家維索爾倫（Verschueren）在《IprA工作文集》（IprA WorkingDocument 1） （1987， 45—48）中發(fā)表了一篇名為《作為順應(yīng)論的語用學(xué)》，標(biāo)志著順應(yīng)論的提出、1995年，他較為詳細(xì)并系統(tǒng)地在他主編出版的第一本《語用學(xué)手冊(cè)》（handbook of Pragmatics）中對(duì)順應(yīng)論進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步闡述、他認(rèn)為，語言的使用過程就是語言為順應(yīng)不同的交際目的和交際對(duì)象進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)地選擇的過程、他將語用學(xué)描述為關(guān)于語言整體的、功能性綜觀，并將語用學(xué)定義為語言和交際在認(rèn)知、社會(huì)與文化方面的研究、1998年，阿薩卡瑟（AsaKasher）主編的《語用學(xué)的關(guān)鍵概念》Pragmatics;： Critical Concepts）論文集中，維索爾倫發(fā)表了一篇名為《交際動(dòng)態(tài)過程的語用模式》（v4 Pragmatic model for the dynamatics of communication ）的文章，主要研究了順應(yīng)論中順應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性、1999年，在他的專著《語用學(xué)新解》（Understaning Pragmatics）中，維索爾倫強(qiáng)調(diào)了語用學(xué)的地位和作用，這本書的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著順應(yīng)論走向成熟、該書主張把語用學(xué)當(dāng)作一種研究視角，突破了以往學(xué)者將語用學(xué)看作語言學(xué)的一個(gè)核心分支（語音學(xué)、音位學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)、句法學(xué)、語義學(xué)）的看法，而認(rèn)為語用學(xué)是一種語言功能的視角或縱觀，貫穿于語言學(xué)研究和使用的方方面面，可以照應(yīng)到語言的各個(gè)層次、運(yùn)用這一視角，可以研究不同的語言材料、這是一種研究方法上的革命，可以為語言的不同層面進(jìn)行語用分析，也為語用學(xué)的學(xué)科性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了重新定位。

2 國內(nèi)順應(yīng)論研究狀況。

錢冠連是國內(nèi)第一位將順應(yīng)論引入中國進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)者、在他發(fā)表在《外語教學(xué)與研究》上的《語用學(xué)：語言適應(yīng)理論————Verschueren語用學(xué)新論評(píng)述》（1991，62—66）的文章中，將維索爾倫對(duì)語言適應(yīng)包括五個(gè)方面，即適應(yīng)的對(duì)象、層次、階段、領(lǐng)悟程度和適應(yīng)策略進(jìn)行了分析，并且就語言適應(yīng)、選擇和語言功能綜觀三者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討，認(rèn)真分析對(duì)比了維索爾倫的語用學(xué)新論和以往的語用學(xué)的區(qū)別、他還在《外語教學(xué)與研究》上發(fā)表了一篇《語用學(xué)：統(tǒng)一連貫的理論框架J、Verschueren〈如何理解語用學(xué)〉述評(píng)》（2000，230—232），該文章首先解釋了語用學(xué)綜觀論的理論源頭、維索爾倫從Morris的理論中得出了任何規(guī)則里都有語用成分，也能從不同的語言成分中審視到語用視角、其建設(shè)性意義體現(xiàn)在將語用學(xué)從語言學(xué)的并列學(xué)科出分割出來，使其不再屬于語言資源的語言學(xué)，而是加入到語言使用的語言學(xué)去，作為是一種語言綜觀和視角來研究和使用，這不僅僅可以解決語用學(xué)問題，還為今后人們從語用學(xué)角度解釋其他問題提供了一種新的視角。

國內(nèi)除錢冠連外，2007年何自然主編的《語用三論：關(guān)聯(lián)論順應(yīng)論模因論》一書也對(duì)維索爾倫的順應(yīng)論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹和評(píng)述、和以往語言學(xué)及語用學(xué)著作不同的是，該書緊緊把握住語用學(xué)研究與發(fā)展的方向，集語用學(xué)的三個(gè)前沿理論（關(guān)聯(lián)論、順應(yīng)論、模因論）為一體來向國內(nèi)讀者進(jìn)行西方翻譯理論的介紹。

關(guān)于順應(yīng)論的部分，該書介紹了順應(yīng)論的理論來源、順應(yīng)論的三個(gè)核心概念、順應(yīng)論的視角觀、順應(yīng)論的分析維度、順應(yīng)論的應(yīng)用等、本書中理論與實(shí)例有效結(jié)合，為讀者展現(xiàn)了順應(yīng)論的完整框架及其應(yīng)用、該書指出，順應(yīng)論是宏觀語用學(xué)的核心，順應(yīng)論為我們提供了一個(gè)研究和探討語用學(xué)的全新視角、譚曉晨發(fā)表在《外語與外語教學(xué)》上的《語境的動(dòng)態(tài)研究一——維索爾倫的語境適應(yīng)論評(píng)介》（2000， 50—52）中介紹了維索爾倫的語境適應(yīng)論，探討了語言和語境互為構(gòu)建的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系，指出動(dòng)態(tài)生成的語境觀是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)語境研究及時(shí)而必要的補(bǔ)充、孫炬發(fā)表在《山東大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》上的《維索爾倫順應(yīng)論的語言哲學(xué)觀》（2007，51—55）從語言哲學(xué)的立場(chǎng)闡釋了維索爾倫的順應(yīng)論、語言的使用是哲學(xué)立場(chǎng)的反映，縱觀維索爾倫的語用思想，折射出體現(xiàn)在意義觀、心理認(rèn)知觀和語境觀三個(gè)方面的語言哲學(xué)、此外，劉正光、吳志高從哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)以及語言學(xué)的角度論述了順應(yīng)論的理論基礎(chǔ)，除了對(duì)語言順應(yīng)論做出肯定，他們還指出“將‘順應(yīng)’看成一把萬能的朗匙，以解釋所有的語言運(yùn)用，有運(yùn)用過度之嫌”（李元?jiǎng)伲?007：124）。

中國學(xué)者不僅專門對(duì)順應(yīng)論進(jìn)行研究，還將其與其他理論結(jié)合或者將順應(yīng)論應(yīng)用到不同的領(lǐng)域、在利用順應(yīng)論對(duì)其他問題進(jìn)行研究的過程中，順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯的研究占據(jù)多數(shù)。

從理論研究的角度來看，有的學(xué)者側(cè)重于順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯理論研究的啟示，戈玲玲在發(fā)表在《外語學(xué)刊》上的《順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯研究的啟示————兼論語用翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（2000，7—11） —文中，為我們展現(xiàn)了語用翻譯理論的發(fā)展歷程，它超越了以往語言學(xué)研究的框架，將翻譯看作是一種動(dòng)態(tài)的信息交流活動(dòng)、文章還指出，根據(jù)順應(yīng)論，語言和語境之間的順應(yīng)是一個(gè)相互的過程，兩者可以相互影響，同樣，翻譯作為語言轉(zhuǎn)換的過程，也會(huì)涉及到原語和目的語之間的相互順應(yīng)，這種順應(yīng)應(yīng)該以滿足交際雙方的需要為目的，對(duì)交際語境、語言的選擇和語言結(jié)構(gòu)做出改變。

有的學(xué)者從順應(yīng)論的角度分析翻譯策略和方法，王建國發(fā)表于《外語研究》上的《從語用順應(yīng)論的角度看翻譯策略與方法》（2005，55—59） —文中，針對(duì)國內(nèi)外翻譯界對(duì)翻譯方法和翻譯策略的爭(zhēng)論，他指出直譯、意譯、歸化、異化只是翻譯方法，而不是翻譯策略，動(dòng)態(tài)順應(yīng)才是翻譯策略、同時(shí)，他還指出翻譯的過程和結(jié)果是動(dòng)態(tài)順應(yīng)的過程和結(jié)果、

順應(yīng)論在與翻譯結(jié)合的過程中，學(xué)者們除了從翻譯理論研究的角度分析和闡釋順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯研究的意義外，還將順應(yīng)論應(yīng)用到具體的翻譯實(shí)踐中去，比如文學(xué)作品譯作分析、應(yīng)用文本譯作分析，同時(shí)還有學(xué)者將順應(yīng)論與語用策略研究、外語教學(xué)研究、跨文化交際等方面聯(lián)系起來。

葉苗在其著作《應(yīng)用翻譯語用觀》COn Pragmatics Translation from theperspective of Pragmatics）中，首先對(duì)應(yīng)用翻譯進(jìn)行了定位，然后從語用學(xué)的角度研究應(yīng)用翻譯、同時(shí)她主張以順應(yīng)論為基礎(chǔ)來討論和解釋異化，并以《選美中國》為例，結(jié)合應(yīng)用翻譯中“異化”和“歸化”之爭(zhēng)，提出了在對(duì)具有中國文化特色的應(yīng)用文本翻譯時(shí)，譯者可以采取異化策略，擔(dān)負(fù)起傳播中國文化的使命，擴(kuò)大目的語讀者的文化語境、認(rèn)知語境，激發(fā)他們對(duì)中國文化和傳統(tǒng)的興趣和探索，增強(qiáng)我國軟實(shí)力。

縱觀國內(nèi)順應(yīng)論的研究現(xiàn)狀以及順應(yīng)論與翻譯結(jié)合的研究現(xiàn)狀，可以看出在順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯的結(jié)合方面，研究者幾乎都是從文學(xué)翻譯、應(yīng)用文翻譯的角度進(jìn)行研究，而且很多研究還是局限于維索爾倫順應(yīng)論的推介和重申，缺乏創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)，并且對(duì)理論的適用范圍沒有做出明確規(guī)定，導(dǎo)致了順應(yīng)論在很多領(lǐng)域的誤用和濫用。

3、參考文獻(xiàn)。

Reiss， Katharina、 Translation Criticism， The Potential &上海外語教育出版社，2004。

Verschueren， Jef、 Understanding Pragmatics、 Beijing： Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press、 2000。

戈玲玲、《順應(yīng)論對(duì)翻譯研究的啟示——兼論語用翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[J]、黑龍江，外語學(xué)刊、2002 （3） ：7—11。

公海燕《順應(yīng)論視角下廣告翻譯研究》、2012。

何自然、Pragmatics and CE/EC Translation [J]、北京‘外語教學(xué)、1992 （1） ; 19—25。

何自然、《語用三論：關(guān)聯(lián)論順應(yīng)論模因論》M、上海，上海教育出版社、2007。

何自然，冉永平、《語用學(xué)概論》[M]、長沙，湖南教育出版社、2002。

胡芳毅，賈占波、《外宣翻譯：意識(shí)形態(tài)操縱下的改寫》[J] ？上海，上海翻譯、2010⑴：23—28。

蔣澄生，廖定中、《語用學(xué)需要“順應(yīng)”潮流——順應(yīng)論的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵概念述評(píng)》[J]、廣州，廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)、2005 （1） ： 68—71。

賈文波、《應(yīng)用翻譯功能論（第二版）》[M]、北京，中國出版集團(tuán)公司、2012。

李明、《商務(wù)英語翻譯（漢譯英）》[M]？北京，高等教育出版社、2007。

李元?jiǎng)佟俄槕?yīng)論在中國的研究綜述》[J]、成都，成都大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 2007⑶：123—126。

劉恩祥，劉穎，李哲、《論語言順應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性一基于廣告語言的分析》[J]、佛山，佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）》、2011 （1） ：70—73。

盧立程《企業(yè)對(duì)外宣傳材料翻譯中的語篇重構(gòu)》[J]、肇慶，肇慶學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)、2007⑶：53—56。

錢冠連、《語用學(xué)：統(tǒng)一連貫的理論框架——J、 Verschueren〈如何理解語用學(xué)〉述評(píng)》[J]、北京，外語教學(xué)與研究、2000（3） ：230—232。

錢冠連、《語用學(xué)：語言適應(yīng)理論一“Verschueren語用學(xué)新論評(píng)述》[J] ？北京，外語教學(xué)與研究、1991（1）：61—66。

孫炬、《維索爾倫順應(yīng)論的語言哲學(xué)觀》[J]、濟(jì)南，山東大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版）、2007 （6） ：51—55。

潭曉晨、《語境的動(dòng)態(tài)研究—維索爾倫的語境適應(yīng)論評(píng)介》[J]、北京，外語與外語教學(xué)、2002 （6）：50—52。

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葉麗萍《順應(yīng)論在企業(yè)簡介漢英翻譯中的應(yīng)用》、2012，葉苗、《應(yīng)用翻譯語用觀研究》M、上海，上海交通大學(xué)出版社、2009。

張運(yùn)橋，嚴(yán)敏芬、《語用三觀：關(guān)聯(lián)論、順應(yīng)論、模因論評(píng)介》[J]、廣州，外語藝術(shù)教育研究、2009（3） ：36—38。

4、論文提綱、

1 引言

2 文獻(xiàn)綜述

2、1國外順應(yīng)論研究狀況

2、2國內(nèi)順應(yīng)論研究狀況

3 順應(yīng)論簡介

3、1順應(yīng)論的三個(gè)核心概念

3、1、1 變異

3、1、2商討性

3、1、3 順應(yīng)

3、2順應(yīng)論的兩個(gè)分析維度

3、2、1語境因素的順應(yīng)

3、2、2語言結(jié)構(gòu)順應(yīng)

3、3順應(yīng)論在翻譯中的應(yīng)用

4 從順應(yīng)論的視角看企業(yè)外宣翻譯中的語篇重構(gòu)

4、1企業(yè)外宣翻譯的文本和語言特點(diǎn)

4、2語篇重構(gòu)的概念

4、3從順應(yīng)論的視角看形式的語篇重構(gòu)

4、3、1語篇銜接和連貫方式與形式的語篇重構(gòu)

4、3、2語言風(fēng)格與形式的語篇重構(gòu)

4、4從順應(yīng)論的視角看內(nèi)容的語篇重構(gòu)

4、4、1心理世界與內(nèi)容的語篇重構(gòu)

4、4、2文化現(xiàn)象與內(nèi)容的語篇重構(gòu)

4、4、3社會(huì)規(guī)范和政治制度與內(nèi)容的語篇重構(gòu)

5 結(jié)論

　　5、論文的理論依據(jù)、研究方法、研究內(nèi)容。

本論文選取了兩篇企業(yè)外宣材料，分別是《西麥克展覽公司簡介》和《海天味業(yè)網(wǎng)站宣傳資料》，并由本人對(duì)其進(jìn)行翻譯、根據(jù)翻譯過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，并結(jié)合順應(yīng)論的相關(guān)分析維度和語篇重構(gòu)的兩大類型，分析譯者為順應(yīng)目的語讀者的語言習(xí)慣、文化背景、社會(huì)規(guī)約和心理因素等所做出的調(diào)整。

6、研究條件和可能存在的問題。

本文以順應(yīng)論為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合語篇重構(gòu)的概念，分析了西麥克展覽公司宣傳材料和海天調(diào)味食品股份有限公司宣傳材料英譯過程中的語篇重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象、企業(yè)外宣材料不僅僅涉及到基本信息傳達(dá)，而且涉及到企業(yè)文化、價(jià)值觀念、影晌力的傳遞、因此企業(yè)外宣翻譯不是簡單機(jī)械地表達(dá)和傳遞信息，還要從目的語讀者的角度對(duì)原文作出調(diào)整，使目的語讀者在閱讀外宣材料時(shí)被其所傳遞的企業(yè)信息所吸引，繼而激發(fā)他們采取行動(dòng)、因此，譯者為了符合目的語讀者的閱讀習(xí)慣、審美習(xí)慣、思維方式、文化背景要對(duì)原文進(jìn)行內(nèi)容上和形式上的語篇重構(gòu)、包括語篇銜接與連貫方式的順應(yīng)、語言風(fēng)格的順應(yīng)、心理世界的順應(yīng)、文化現(xiàn)象的順應(yīng)以及社會(huì)規(guī)范和政治制度的順應(yīng)、同時(shí)譯者為了達(dá)到以上這些順應(yīng)的目的，選擇順應(yīng)的過程中也包含了對(duì)原文從詞語、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、篇章銜接以及內(nèi)容上進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。

對(duì)于企業(yè)的外宣翻譯，只有設(shè)身處地地從目的語讀者的角度去思考和翻譯，巧妙地對(duì)原文進(jìn)行語篇重構(gòu)來順應(yīng)目的語讀者的語言和文化，才能激發(fā)讀者付諸行動(dòng)，為企業(yè)的形象宣傳和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來實(shí)實(shí)在在的好處。

7、預(yù)期的結(jié)果。

企業(yè)外宣翻譯要通過對(duì)原文進(jìn)行語篇重構(gòu)來順應(yīng)目的語社會(huì)的語言語境、心理世界、社交世界、文化世界等，才能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)外宣翻譯的交際功能，達(dá)到良好外宣效果。

8、論文寫作進(jìn)度安排。

翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告

翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告

開題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的一個(gè)重要依據(jù)材料。下面是小編為大家收集整理的翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告，歡迎閱讀。

翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告一

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻譯專業(yè)開題報(bào)告二

選題的原因、基本內(nèi)容：

英語成語(idiom)是英語的核心與精華。其內(nèi)容豐富，寓意深刻，具有濃厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、談話或?qū)ν饨煌?，恰?dāng)?shù)丶右赃\(yùn)用，會(huì)大大增加語言的表達(dá)能力，收到良好的效果。英語諺語是英語語言的精華，是英國藝術(shù)寶庫的瑰麗明珠。英語諺語的句式特點(diǎn)是句式簡單，語言精煉，富于形象比喻，充滿濃郁的.民族色彩。學(xué)習(xí)和研究英語諺語有助于啟迪思想，開拓視野，了解英國的歷史文化、風(fēng)土人情，以及英國人民的人生哲理，同時(shí)還可以學(xué)到生動(dòng)活潑的大眾語言。

本文通過比較英漢成語及諺語這兩種語言的相似及不同之處，詳細(xì)的介紹英語成語及諺語。第一部分主要從內(nèi)容和形式兩方面談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z成語及諺語的基本特色;第二部分談及英語成語及諺語的一般翻譯方法和翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的一些問題。

相關(guān)資料收集情況：

陳亞光。小議英諺語和成語的創(chuàng)新。上海外國語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，1983。

黃粉保。英漢成語翻譯漫談。云夢(mèng)學(xué)刊，1999/2

顧雪梁。語成語英譯探索。廣州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，1993/2。

張培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭謨禹?！队h翻譯教程》。北京：中國外語教育出版社，xx/8

楊永和。英語諺語的修辭特點(diǎn)研究。重慶工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),xx/3。

論文提綱：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指導(dǎo)教師意見：

指導(dǎo)教師簽名：

年 月 日